Measures of length in the Bible
The cubit — from the elbow to the fingertips — is the root of the Old Testament measures: the ark, the tabernacle and the temple are measured in it. The New Testament adds Greek and Roman measures: the stadion and the Roman mile.
Umreiknari
Length
| Eining | Jafngildir | Stærð | Ritningarstaðir |
|---|---|---|---|
|
Cubit
GT
אַמָּה ammah
The length from the elbow to the fingertips, the basic measure of length. The common cubit is about 45 cm: the Siloam tunnel inscription gives 1200 cubits for about 533 m.
|
≈ 0,44–0,525 m venjulega 0,445 m
[1][2]
|
1. Mósebók 6:15, 2. Mósebók 25:10, 5. Mósebók 3:11 | |
|
Long cubit
GT
אַמָּה וָטֹפַח ammah va-tofah
A cubit and a handbreadth, seven handbreadths instead of six: the measure of Ezekiel's temple vision.
|
= 1 1/6 × Cubit |
≈ 0,513–0,613 m venjulega 0,519 m
|
Esekíel 40:5, Esekíel 43:13 |
|
Span
GT
זֶרֶת zeret
The spread of the hand from thumb to little finger, half a cubit.
|
= 1/2 × Cubit |
≈ 0,22–0,263 m venjulega 0,223 m
|
2. Mósebók 28:16, 1. Samúelsbók 17:4 |
|
Handbreadth
GT
טֶפַח tefah
The width of four fingers, a sixth of a cubit.
|
= 1/6 × Cubit |
≈ 0,0733–0,0875 m venjulega 0,0742 m
|
2. Mósebók 25:25, 1. Konungabók 7:26 |
|
Finger
GT
אֶצְבַּע etsba
The width of a finger, the smallest measure of length, a quarter of a handbreadth.
|
= 1/4 × Handbreadth |
≈ 0,0183–0,0219 m venjulega 0,0185 m
|
Jeremía 52:21 |
|
Reed
GT
קָנֶה qaneh
A measuring reed of six long cubits, about 3 m.
|
= 6 × Long cubit |
≈ 3,08–3,68 m venjulega 3,12 m
|
Esekíel 40:5, Esekíel 42:16 |
|
Gomed
GT
גֹּמֶד gomed
The length of Ehud's sword; the word occurs once, and its value is unknown. Translations render it as a cubit or a short cubit.
|
gildi óþekkt | Dómarabókin 3:16 | |
|
Day's journey
GT
דֶּרֶךְ יוֹם derekh yom
The distance walked in a day. Not a fixed measure: estimates run from about 25 to 40 km.
|
≈ 25–40 km venjulega 32 km
[3]
|
1. Mósebók 30:36, 4. Mósebók 11:31, 1. Konungabók 19:4, Lúkas 2:44 | |
|
Sabbath day's journey
NT
σαββάτου ὁδός sabbatou hodos
The distance one may walk on the Sabbath: by Jewish tradition 2000 cubits, after the space between the ark and the people in Joshua 3:4.
|
= 2 000 × Cubit |
≈ 880–1 050 m venjulega 890 m
|
Postulasagan 1:12 |
|
Cubit (Greek pechys)
NT
πῆχυς pēchys
The cubit of the New Testament; the Greek and the Hebrew cubit were close, but not identical.
|
≈ 1 × Cubit |
≈ 0,44–0,525 m venjulega 0,445 m
|
Matteus 6:27, Jóhannes 21:8, Opinberunarbókin 21:17 |
|
Fathom
NT
ὀργυιά orguia
The span of outstretched arms, four cubits, about 1.8 m; used for sea depth.
|
= 4 × Cubit (Greek pechys) |
≈ 1,76–2,1 m venjulega 1,78 m
|
Postulasagan 27:28 |
|
Stadion
NT
στάδιον stadion
A hundred fathoms, the length of a Greek race course, about 180 m.
|
= 100 × Fathom |
≈ 176–210 m venjulega 178 m
|
Lúkas 24:13, Jóhannes 6:19, Opinberunarbókin 21:16 |
|
Mile
NT
μίλιον milion
The Roman mile of a thousand paces, reckoned as eight stadia, about 1.5 km.
|
≈ 8 × Stadion |
≈ 1,41–1,68 km venjulega 1,42 km
|
Matteus 5:41 |
Upphæðir og mál í Ritningunni
| Ritningarstaður | Ritningarstaðir | Magn | Jafngildi |
|---|---|---|---|
| The length of the ark | 1. Mósebók 6:15 | 300 × Cubit | ≈ 132–158 m |
| Goliath's height: six cubits and a span | 1. Samúelsbók 17:4 | 6 1/2 × Cubit | ≈ 2,86–3,41 m |
| Og's bed | 5. Mósebók 3:11 | 9 × Cubit | ≈ 3,96–4,73 m |
| Two hundred cubits from the shore | Jóhannes 21:8 | 200 × Cubit (Greek pechys) | ≈ 88–105 m |
| Twenty fathoms of depth | Postulasagan 27:28 | 20 × Fathom | ≈ 35,2–42 m |
| Twenty-five stadia across the sea | Jóhannes 6:19 | 25 × Stadion | ≈ 4,4–5,25 km |
| Emmaus, sixty stadia from Jerusalem | Lúkas 24:13 | 60 × Stadion | ≈ 10,6–12,6 km |
| The city of twelve thousand stadia | Opinberunarbókin 21:16 | 12 000 × Stadion | ≈ 2 112–2 520 km |
| Go one mile | Matteus 5:41 | 1 × Mile | ≈ 1,41–1,68 km |
| The Mount of Olives, a Sabbath day's journey | Postulasagan 1:12 | 1 × Sabbath day's journey | ≈ 880–1 050 m |
Heimildir
- Marvin A. Powell. Weights and Measures // The Anchor Bible Dictionary, ed. D. N. Freedman. Vol. 6. New York: Doubleday, 1992
- R. B. Y. Scott. Weights and Measures of the Bible // The Biblical Archaeologist 22, no. 2 (1959)
- Weights and Measures; Money // The International Standard Bible Encyclopedia, rev. ed., ed. G. W. Bromiley. Vol. 3–4. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1986–1988