Weights in the Bible
The shekel is the root of the biblical weights: a mina is fifty shekels, a talent is sixty minas. Silver and gold were weighed in the same units, so Old Testament money repeats these names.
Μετατροπέας
Weight
| Μονάδα | Ισούται με | Μέγεθος | Χωρία Γραφής |
|---|---|---|---|
|
Shekel
ΠΔ
שֶׁקֶל sheqel
The basic weight, about 11.4 g by inscribed Judean weights. There were heavier royal and sanctuary shekels.
|
≈ 10–13 g συνήθως 11,4 g
[1][2]
|
Γένεσις 24:22, Έξοδος 30:13, Βασιλειών Β΄ 14:26 | |
|
Gerah
ΠΔ
גֵּרָה gerah
The smallest weight, a twentieth of a shekel.
|
= 1/20 × Shekel |
≈ 0,5–0,65 g συνήθως 0,57 g
|
Έξοδος 30:13, Ιεζεκιήλ 45:12 |
|
Beka
ΠΔ
בֶּקַע beqa
Half a shekel.
|
= 1/2 × Shekel |
≈ 5–6,5 g συνήθως 5,7 g
|
Γένεσις 24:22, Έξοδος 38:26 |
|
Pim
ΠΔ
פִּים pim
Two thirds of a shekel; known from weights found in excavations, it explains a verse that was long obscure.
|
= 2/3 × Shekel |
≈ 6,67–8,67 g συνήθως 7,6 g
|
Βασιλειών Α΄ 13:21 |
|
Mina
ΠΔ
מָנֶה maneh
Fifty shekels, about 570 g. Ezekiel reckons a mina of sixty shekels.
|
= 50 × Shekel |
≈ 500–650 g συνήθως 570 g
|
Βασιλειών Γ΄ 10:17, Ιεζεκιήλ 45:12 |
|
Talent
ΠΔ
כִּכָּר kikkar
The largest weight: sixty minas, 3000 shekels (Exodus 38:25–26), about 34 kg.
|
= 60 × Mina |
≈ 30–39 kg συνήθως 34,2 kg
|
Έξοδος 38:25, Βασιλειών Γ΄ 10:14, Βασιλειών Β΄ 12:30 |
|
Pound (litra)
ΚΔ
λίτρα litra
The Roman pound, about 327 g.
|
≈ 322–329 g συνήθως 327 g
[1]
|
Κατά Ιωάννην 12:3, Κατά Ιωάννην 19:39 | |
|
Talent (Greek)
ΚΔ
τάλαντον talanton
The Greek talent, about 26 kg for the Attic one; other standards were heavier.
|
≈ 20–41 kg συνήθως 26 kg
[1][3]
|
Αποκάλυψις Ιωάννου 16:21 |
Ποσά και μέτρα στη Γραφή
| Χωρίο | Χωρία Γραφής | Ποσότητα | Ισοδύναμο |
|---|---|---|---|
| Goliath's coat of mail | Βασιλειών Α΄ 17:5 | 5 000 × Shekel | ≈ 50–65 kg |
| Goliath's spearhead | Βασιλειών Α΄ 17:7 | 600 × Shekel | ≈ 6–7,8 kg |
| Absalom's hair | Βασιλειών Β΄ 14:26 | 200 × Shekel | ≈ 2–2,6 kg |
| Solomon's gold in a year | Βασιλειών Γ΄ 10:14 | 666 × Talent | ≈ 19 980–25 974 kg |
| A pound of pure nard | Κατά Ιωάννην 12:3 | 1 × Pound (litra) | ≈ 322–329 g |
| Myrrh and aloes for the burial | Κατά Ιωάννην 19:39 | 100 × Pound (litra) | ≈ 32,2–32,9 kg |
| Hailstones of a talent | Αποκάλυψις Ιωάννου 16:21 | 1 × Talent (Greek) | ≈ 20–41 kg |
Πηγές
- Marvin A. Powell. Weights and Measures // The Anchor Bible Dictionary, ed. D. N. Freedman. Vol. 6. New York: Doubleday, 1992
- R. B. Y. Scott. Weights and Measures of the Bible // The Biblical Archaeologist 22, no. 2 (1959)
- Weights and Measures; Money // The International Standard Bible Encyclopedia, rev. ed., ed. G. W. Bromiley. Vol. 3–4. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1986–1988