Measures of capacity in the Bible
Grain was measured by the ephah and the homer, oil and wine by the bath and the hin; the ephah and the bath are the same size. The New Testament adds the Greek and Roman measures: the choinix, the modius and the metretes.
换算器
Capacity
| 单位 | 等于 | 大小 | 经文出处 |
|---|---|---|---|
|
Ephah
旧
אֵיפָה eyfah
The basic dry measure, equal to the liquid bath. About 22 l by jars marked «bath»; Josephus gives a larger value, about 39 l.
|
≈ 21–40 升 通常 22 升
[1][2]
|
出埃及记 16:36, 路得记 2:17, 以西结书 45:11 | |
|
Bath
旧
בַּת bat
The basic liquid measure, equal to the ephah (Ezekiel 45:11).
|
= 1 × Ephah |
≈ 21–40 升 通常 22 升
|
列王纪上 7:26, 以赛亚书 5:10, 以西结书 45:14 |
|
Homer
旧
חֹמֶר homer
Ten ephahs, a donkey's load.
|
= 10 × Ephah |
≈ 210–400 升 通常 220 升
|
利未记 27:16, 以西结书 45:11, 何西阿书 3:2 |
|
Kor
旧
כֹּר kor
Equal to the homer, ten baths (Ezekiel 45:14).
|
= 1 × Homer |
≈ 210–400 升 通常 220 升
|
以西结书 45:14, 以斯拉记 7:22 |
|
Lethek
旧
לֶתֶךְ letekh
Traditionally half a homer; the word occurs once.
|
≈ 1/2 × Homer |
≈ 105–200 升 通常 110 升
|
何西阿书 3:2 |
|
Seah
旧
סְאָה seah
A third of an ephah.
|
= 1/3 × Ephah |
≈ 7–13.3 升 通常 7.33 升
|
创世记 18:6, 撒母耳记上 25:18, 列王纪下 7:1 |
|
Omer
旧
עֹמֶר omer
A tenth of an ephah, the daily portion of manna for one person.
|
= 1/10 × Ephah |
≈ 2.1–4 升 通常 2.2 升
|
出埃及记 16:16, 出埃及记 16:36 |
|
Tenth deal
旧
עִשָּׂרוֹן issaron
A tenth of an ephah, the measure of flour for offerings; the same amount as the omer.
|
= 1/10 × Ephah |
≈ 2.1–4 升 通常 2.2 升
|
出埃及记 29:40, 民数记 15:4 |
|
Kab
旧
קַב qav
A sixth of a seah, about 1.2 l.
|
= 1/6 × Seah |
≈ 1.17–2.22 升 通常 1.22 升
|
列王纪下 6:25 |
|
Hin
旧
הִין hin
A sixth of a bath, the measure of wine and oil for offerings.
|
= 1/6 × Bath |
≈ 3.5–6.67 升 通常 3.67 升
|
出埃及记 29:40, 以西结书 45:24 |
|
Log
旧
לֹג log
The smallest liquid measure, a twelfth of a hin, about 0.3 l.
|
= 1/12 × Hin |
≈ 0.292–0.556 升 通常 0.306 升
|
利未记 14:10 |
|
Pot (xestes)
新
ξέστης xestēs
The Roman sextarius, about half a litre; also a jug of that size.
|
≈ 0.5–0.55 升 通常 0.54 升
[1]
|
马可福音 7:4 | |
|
Choinix
新
χοῖνιξ choinix
Two xestai, about a litre of grain, a day's ration for a man.
|
= 2 × Pot (xestes) |
≈ 1–1.1 升 通常 1.08 升
|
启示录 6:6 |
|
Bushel (modios)
新
μόδιος modios
The Roman modius of sixteen sextarii, about 8.7 l; the «bushel» under which no one puts a lamp.
|
= 16 × Pot (xestes) |
≈ 8–8.8 升 通常 8.64 升
|
马太福音 5:15, 马可福音 4:21, 路加福音 11:33 |
|
Measure (metretes)
新
μετρητής metrētēs
The Attic liquid measure of 72 xestai, about 39 l.
|
= 72 × Pot (xestes) |
≈ 36–39.6 升 通常 38.9 升
|
约翰福音 2:6 |
|
Measure (saton)
新
σάτον saton
The Hebrew seah in Greek form.
|
= 1 × Seah |
≈ 7–13.3 升 通常 7.33 升
|
马太福音 13:33, 路加福音 13:21 |
|
Measure (batos)
新
βάτος batos
The Hebrew bath in Greek form, a measure of oil.
|
= 1 × Bath |
≈ 21–40 升 通常 22 升
|
路加福音 16:6 |
|
Measure (koros)
新
κόρος koros
The Hebrew kor in Greek form, a measure of wheat.
|
= 1 × Kor |
≈ 210–400 升 通常 220 升
|
路加福音 16:7 |
圣经中的金额与度量衡
| 示例 | 经文出处 | 数量 | 相当于 |
|---|---|---|---|
| An omer of manna for each person | 出埃及记 16:16 | 1 × Omer | ≈ 2.1–4 升 |
| Ruth's ephah of barley | 路得记 2:17 | 1 × Ephah | ≈ 21–40 升 |
| A quarter of a kab in the siege of Samaria | 列王纪下 6:25 | 1/4 × Kab | ≈ 0.292–0.556 升 |
| The bronze sea | 列王纪上 7:26 | 2 000 × Bath | ≈ 42 000–80 000 升 |
| The water jars at Cana, two or three measures each | 约翰福音 2:6 | 2 × Measure (metretes) | ≈ 72–79.2 升 |
| Leaven in three measures of flour | 马太福音 13:33 | 3 × Measure (saton) | ≈ 21–40 升 |
| A hundred measures of oil | 路加福音 16:6 | 100 × Measure (batos) | ≈ 2 100–4 000 升 |
| A hundred measures of wheat | 路加福音 16:7 | 100 × Measure (koros) | ≈ 21 000–40 000 升 |
来源
- Marvin A. Powell. Weights and Measures // The Anchor Bible Dictionary, ed. D. N. Freedman. Vol. 6. New York: Doubleday, 1992
- R. B. Y. Scott. Weights and Measures of the Bible // The Biblical Archaeologist 22, no. 2 (1959)