Меры объёма в Библии
Зерно мерили ефой и хомером, масло и вино — батом и гином; ефа и бат равны по величине. В Новом Завете к ним добавляются греческие и римские меры — хиникс, модий и метрет.
Канвертар
Capacity
| Адзінка | Чаму роўная | Велічыня | Месцы Пісання |
|---|---|---|---|
|
Ephah
СЗ
אֵיפָה eyfah
The basic dry measure, equal to the liquid bath. About 22 l by jars marked «bath»; Josephus gives a larger value, about 39 l.
|
≈ 21–40 л звычайна 22 л
[1][2]
|
Выхад 16:36, Рут 2:17, Езэкііль 45:11 | |
|
Bath
СЗ
בַּת bat
The basic liquid measure, equal to the ephah (Ezekiel 45:11).
|
= 1 × Ephah |
≈ 21–40 л звычайна 22 л
|
3 Царстваў 7:26, Ісая 5:10, Езэкііль 45:14 |
|
Homer
СЗ
חֹמֶר homer
Ten ephahs, a donkey's load.
|
= 10 × Ephah |
≈ 210–400 л звычайна 220 л
|
Лявіт 27:16, Езэкііль 45:11, Асія 3:2 |
|
Kor
СЗ
כֹּר kor
Equal to the homer, ten baths (Ezekiel 45:14).
|
= 1 × Homer |
≈ 210–400 л звычайна 220 л
|
Езэкііль 45:14, Эздра 7:22 |
|
Lethek
СЗ
לֶתֶךְ letekh
Traditionally half a homer; the word occurs once.
|
≈ 1/2 × Homer |
≈ 105–200 л звычайна 110 л
|
Асія 3:2 |
|
Seah
СЗ
סְאָה seah
A third of an ephah.
|
= 1/3 × Ephah |
≈ 7–13,3 л звычайна 7,33 л
|
Быццё 18:6, 1 Царстваў 25:18, 4 Царстваў 7:1 |
|
Omer
СЗ
עֹמֶר omer
A tenth of an ephah, the daily portion of manna for one person.
|
= 1/10 × Ephah |
≈ 2,1–4 л звычайна 2,2 л
|
Выхад 16:16, Выхад 16:36 |
|
Tenth deal
СЗ
עִשָּׂרוֹן issaron
A tenth of an ephah, the measure of flour for offerings; the same amount as the omer.
|
= 1/10 × Ephah |
≈ 2,1–4 л звычайна 2,2 л
|
Выхад 29:40, Лікі 15:4 |
|
Kab
СЗ
קַב qav
A sixth of a seah, about 1.2 l.
|
= 1/6 × Seah |
≈ 1,17–2,22 л звычайна 1,22 л
|
4 Царстваў 6:25 |
|
Hin
СЗ
הִין hin
A sixth of a bath, the measure of wine and oil for offerings.
|
= 1/6 × Bath |
≈ 3,5–6,67 л звычайна 3,67 л
|
Выхад 29:40, Езэкііль 45:24 |
|
Log
СЗ
לֹג log
The smallest liquid measure, a twelfth of a hin, about 0.3 l.
|
= 1/12 × Hin |
≈ 0,292–0,556 л звычайна 0,306 л
|
Лявіт 14:10 |
|
Pot (xestes)
НЗ
ξέστης xestēs
The Roman sextarius, about half a litre; also a jug of that size.
|
≈ 0,5–0,55 л звычайна 0,54 л
[1]
|
Паводле Марка 7:4 | |
|
Choinix
НЗ
χοῖνιξ choinix
Two xestai, about a litre of grain, a day's ration for a man.
|
= 2 × Pot (xestes) |
≈ 1–1,1 л звычайна 1,08 л
|
Адкрыццё 6:6 |
|
Bushel (modios)
НЗ
μόδιος modios
The Roman modius of sixteen sextarii, about 8.7 l; the «bushel» under which no one puts a lamp.
|
= 16 × Pot (xestes) |
≈ 8–8,8 л звычайна 8,64 л
|
Паводле Мацвея 5:15, Паводле Марка 4:21, Паводле Лукаша 11:33 |
|
Measure (metretes)
НЗ
μετρητής metrētēs
The Attic liquid measure of 72 xestai, about 39 l.
|
= 72 × Pot (xestes) |
≈ 36–39,6 л звычайна 38,9 л
|
Паводле Яна 2:6 |
|
Measure (saton)
НЗ
σάτον saton
The Hebrew seah in Greek form.
|
= 1 × Seah |
≈ 7–13,3 л звычайна 7,33 л
|
Паводле Мацвея 13:33, Паводле Лукаша 13:21 |
|
Measure (batos)
НЗ
βάτος batos
The Hebrew bath in Greek form, a measure of oil.
|
= 1 × Bath |
≈ 21–40 л звычайна 22 л
|
Паводле Лукаша 16:6 |
|
Measure (koros)
НЗ
κόρος koros
The Hebrew kor in Greek form, a measure of wheat.
|
= 1 × Kor |
≈ 210–400 л звычайна 220 л
|
Паводле Лукаша 16:7 |
Сумы і меры ў Пісанні
| Месца | Месцы Пісання | Колькі | Колькі гэта |
|---|---|---|---|
| An omer of manna for each person | Выхад 16:16 | 1 × Omer | ≈ 2,1–4 л |
| Ruth's ephah of barley | Рут 2:17 | 1 × Ephah | ≈ 21–40 л |
| A quarter of a kab in the siege of Samaria | 4 Царстваў 6:25 | 1/4 × Kab | ≈ 0,292–0,556 л |
| The bronze sea | 3 Царстваў 7:26 | 2 000 × Bath | ≈ 42 000–80 000 л |
| The water jars at Cana, two or three measures each | Паводле Яна 2:6 | 2 × Measure (metretes) | ≈ 72–79,2 л |
| Leaven in three measures of flour | Паводле Мацвея 13:33 | 3 × Measure (saton) | ≈ 21–40 л |
| A hundred measures of oil | Паводле Лукаша 16:6 | 100 × Measure (batos) | ≈ 2 100–4 000 л |
| A hundred measures of wheat | Паводле Лукаша 16:7 | 100 × Measure (koros) | ≈ 21 000–40 000 л |
Крыніцы
- Marvin A. Powell. Weights and Measures // The Anchor Bible Dictionary, ed. D. N. Freedman. Vol. 6. New York: Doubleday, 1992
- R. B. Y. Scott. Weights and Measures of the Bible // The Biblical Archaeologist 22, no. 2 (1959)